GHK-Cu is a complex of the tripeptide GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) and a copper ion. The GHK sequence is found naturally in human plasma, saliva, and urine, and its concentration drops as we age — a decline that tracks with the slowing of tissue repair over a lifetime.

The copper ion is central to its activity: many of GHK's effects on tissue depend on its ability to bind and deliver copper, a cofactor for the enzymes involved in building collagen and elastin.

Benefits and uses

GHK-Cu's effects are among the better-studied in skin biology, though the strongest data is in topical and laboratory settings:

• Collagen and elastin synthesis. GHK-Cu stimulates fibroblasts to produce collagen and elastin, the proteins that give skin firmness and elasticity — the basis of its anti-aging skin use.

• Skin remodeling. It supports the turnover and reorganization of the skin's extracellular matrix, which is tied to improvements in firmness, texture, and the appearance of fine lines.

• Wound healing. GHK-Cu promotes the repair processes involved in healing, including angiogenesis and the recruitment of repair cells.

• Hair follicle support. It has been studied for stimulating hair follicles and supporting hair growth.

• Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. GHK-Cu reduces oxidative stress and modulates inflammation, both relevant to skin aging.